The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious cup on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck twice in the closing moments to take a shock lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial equaliser in the final moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.